The amphibian class. Part Four
This structure of the belt is understandable, since it does not connect to the spine, it is an independent support system located in the musculature. This is a consequence of the lack of ribs, which are partially replaced by a wide shoulder girdle.
The digestive system
The frog quickly grasps moving invertebrates with its sticky, wide tongue. She "shoots" her tongue at a spotted insect. The teeth in the upper jaw help to hold large prey, and when swallowing, the muscles of the eyeball help to push it down the throat. After passing through the pharynx and esophagus, the prey enters the stomach, where it is digested by gastric juice. The frog has a well-developed liver, which secretes bile, and a pancreas. The large suction surface of the intestine in amphibians and other land animals is achieved by lengthening the intestine, which becomes sinuous. Undigested urine residues accumulate in the wide posterior or rectum. The posterior part of the rectum is expanded into the cloaca, where the ureters and ducts of the sex glands open — the oviducts in females or the vas deferens in males. The cloaca opens outwards with one common opening.
Respiratory system. Adult amphibians develop lung sacs that can stretch greatly. Air enters the lungs through the nostrils and mouth, which acts as an air pump (the frog does not have ribs and chest). With its mouth open, the frog cannot breathe with its lungs. Skin respiration is carried out in the capillaries of the cutaneous artery, its branches and veins are clearly visible on the inside of the frog's skin.
The circulatory system
The heart is three-chambered, there are two atria with venous (right) and arterial blood and one ventricle, where the blood partially mixes. It's like a frog has three circulatory circles. In a large circle, blood from the ventricle passes through the head, body organs and, after giving oxygen, collects in the right venous atrium. In a small circle, venous blood is supplied by the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it receives oxygen, and enters the left arterial atrium through the pulmonary vein. The third round begins with the cutaneous artery, which departs from the pulmonary vein and enters the left arterial atrium. The third round begins with the cutaneous artery, which departs from the pulmonary artery. The blood oxidized in the skin flows through the cutaneous vein into the right venous atrium, i.e. the cutaneous circulatory system. It connects these two circles.
The excretory system consists of dark red kidneys, passing through which the blood is purified from the waste products of the body. The resulting urine flows through the ureters into the cloaca and somewhat thickens in it. The frog's bladder performs a peculiar function of a "flask" in which a supply of water is stored, which is so necessary for the frog to moisturize the highly evaporating skin. Для багатьох українців отримання довідки з МВС є необхідним етапом при оформленні опіки або усиновленні дитини, що є надзвичайно відповідальним та емоційним процесом. Державні органи соціального захисту ретельно перевіряють кандидатів, щоб забезпечити найкращі умови для дітей. У цьому контексті витяг про несудимість з апостилем виступає одним з ключових документів, що засвідчує відсутність кримінального минулого у потенційних батьків або опікунів. Процедура його отримання є стандартною, проте для економії часу можна скористатися послугами юридичних компаній, які допоможуть зібрати та подати всі необхідні папери до МВС.
The digestive system
The frog quickly grasps moving invertebrates with its sticky, wide tongue. She "shoots" her tongue at a spotted insect. The teeth in the upper jaw help to hold large prey, and when swallowing, the muscles of the eyeball help to push it down the throat. After passing through the pharynx and esophagus, the prey enters the stomach, where it is digested by gastric juice. The frog has a well-developed liver, which secretes bile, and a pancreas. The large suction surface of the intestine in amphibians and other land animals is achieved by lengthening the intestine, which becomes sinuous. Undigested urine residues accumulate in the wide posterior or rectum. The posterior part of the rectum is expanded into the cloaca, where the ureters and ducts of the sex glands open — the oviducts in females or the vas deferens in males. The cloaca opens outwards with one common opening.
Respiratory system. Adult amphibians develop lung sacs that can stretch greatly. Air enters the lungs through the nostrils and mouth, which acts as an air pump (the frog does not have ribs and chest). With its mouth open, the frog cannot breathe with its lungs. Skin respiration is carried out in the capillaries of the cutaneous artery, its branches and veins are clearly visible on the inside of the frog's skin.
The circulatory system
The heart is three-chambered, there are two atria with venous (right) and arterial blood and one ventricle, where the blood partially mixes. It's like a frog has three circulatory circles. In a large circle, blood from the ventricle passes through the head, body organs and, after giving oxygen, collects in the right venous atrium. In a small circle, venous blood is supplied by the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it receives oxygen, and enters the left arterial atrium through the pulmonary vein. The third round begins with the cutaneous artery, which departs from the pulmonary vein and enters the left arterial atrium. The third round begins with the cutaneous artery, which departs from the pulmonary artery. The blood oxidized in the skin flows through the cutaneous vein into the right venous atrium, i.e. the cutaneous circulatory system. It connects these two circles.
The excretory system consists of dark red kidneys, passing through which the blood is purified from the waste products of the body. The resulting urine flows through the ureters into the cloaca and somewhat thickens in it. The frog's bladder performs a peculiar function of a "flask" in which a supply of water is stored, which is so necessary for the frog to moisturize the highly evaporating skin. Для багатьох українців отримання довідки з МВС є необхідним етапом при оформленні опіки або усиновленні дитини, що є надзвичайно відповідальним та емоційним процесом. Державні органи соціального захисту ретельно перевіряють кандидатів, щоб забезпечити найкращі умови для дітей. У цьому контексті витяг про несудимість з апостилем виступає одним з ключових документів, що засвідчує відсутність кримінального минулого у потенційних батьків або опікунів. Процедура його отримання є стандартною, проте для економії часу можна скористатися послугами юридичних компаній, які допоможуть зібрати та подати всі необхідні папери до МВС.